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), is an island in the southern Aegean Sea, about 200 km (120 mi) southeast of Greece's mainland.It is the largest island of a small, circular archipelago, which bears the same name and is the remnant of a volcanic caldera.The water at the darker coloured beaches is significantly warmer because the lava acts as a heat absorber.The area of Santorini incorporates a group of islands created by volcanoes, spanning across Thera, Thirasia, Aspronisi, Palea, and Nea Kameni.White varieties also include Athiri and Aidani, whereas red varieties include mavrotragano and mandilaria.The Cyclades are part of a metamorphic complex that is known as the Cycladic Massif.The total land area is 90.623 km The island was the site of one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history: the Minoan eruption (sometimes called the Thera eruption), which occurred about 3,600 years ago at the height of the Minoan civilization.
The volcanic arc is approximately 500 km (310 mi) long and 20 to 40 km (12 to 25 mi) wide.
The earliest eruptions, many of which were submarine, were on the Akrotiri Peninsula, and active between 650,000 and 550,000 years ago.
These are geochemically distinct from the later volcanism, as they contain amphiboles.
The municipality of Thera includes an additional 12 local subdivisions on Santorini island: Akrotiri, Emporio, Episkopis Gonia, Exo Gonia, Imerovigli, Karterados, Megalohori, Mesaria, Pyrgos Kallistis, Thera (the seat of the municipality), Vothon, and Vourvoulos. The large island to the east is Thera, with Aspronisi and Therasia making up the rest of the caldera ring, clockwise.
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In the centre is the larger Nea Kameni and the smaller Palea Kameni. Agriculture also forms part of its economy, and the island sustains a wine industry, based on the indigenous Assyrtiko grape variety.
The complex formed during the Miocene and was folded and metamorphosed during the Alpine orogeny around 60 million years ago.
